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Ang Tingogang “a”
The Voice “a”

 
Ang tingogang “a”, sama sa “i”, igkita sa tanang dapit sa mga lonsayng polong visayâ ingon man sa mga sinagop nga polong-langyaw.
The voice “a” is just like “i” can be indicated in such words of visaya from as a foreign language.
 
abaga bantay lakáw mangga
shoulder watch walk mango

nangka batasan lansang pangga
jackfruit attitude nail cared

basaha baraha polaha amôa
read it playing cards too red ours

carga radiogram ventanà salâ
load radiogram window receiving area / hall

 
Ang DIPTONGGO
The DIPTHONGS

 
Ang ginganlan og diptonggo maó ang gipakausá lamang ka tingog sa doha ka nagtopad nga tingogan dihâ sa mga polong English ud Espanyol.
The said dipthong is a presence of two jointed sounds in English and Spanish language.
 
airport (irport) mountain (mawnten) please (ples)
airport mountain please

enough (enaf) feeds (feds) caught (koht)
enough feeds caught

food (fohd) pier (pyer) load (lohd)
food pier load

querido (kerido) cacao (cacaw) Guerra (gerra)
querido cacao Guerra
 

 
Ang mga lonsayng visayâ nga polong wala’y diptonggo tongod kay pagalitokon man gayod ang tingog sa matag-usá ka tingogan. Pananglitan:
The pure visaya language had no dipthongs in reason that every voices must be spoken in such particular voice: Example:
 
bitoon unsaon mounding mipiliik
star what’ to be done to stop to shout

patoohi ipauntol napiangan papilii
believe jump limped select

igsoon naloag mantalaan naulian
brother/sister not too tight news get well
 

Ang mga PATINGOGANG-TITIK
The VOICE LETTER

 
 
Somalá sa nasaysay na, ang mga patingogan maó ang mga titik nga way kaogalingong tingog ug malitók lamang kun may sangga o topád nga tingogaong-titik. Ania ang han-ay sa mga patingogan tinparán sa 5 ka tingogan uban sa ilang ngalan ug litók.

According to the statement the voice are the words which don’t have specific voice and be uttered if there is supporting voice letter. Here is the presentation of voices wwhich supported by 5 voices letter with thir specific names and sound.
 

Bb (be) : abba ebbe ibbi obbo ubbu
Bb (be) : abba ebbe ibbi obbo ubbu

Cc (ce) : acca ecce icci occo uccu
Cc (ce) : acca ecce icci occo uccu

Dd (de) : adda edde iddi oddo uddu
Dd (de) : adda edde iddi oddo uddu

Ff (ef) : affa effe iffi offo uffu
Ff (ef) : affa effe iffi offo uffu

Gg (ge) : agga egge iggi oggo uggu
Gg (ge) : agga egge iggi oggo uggu

Hh (ehts) : ahha ehhe ihhi ohho uhhu
Hh (ehts) : ahha ehhe ihhi ohho uhhu

Jj (je) : Basaha ang Nota Bene sa ubós.
Jj (je) : Read the Notes below

Kk (ke) : akka ekke ikki okko ukku
Kk (ke) : akka ekke ikki okko ukku

Ll (el) : alla elle illi ollo ullu
Ll (el) : alla elle illi ollo ullu

Mm (em) : amma emme immi ommo ummu
Mm (em) : amma emme immi ommo ummu

Nn (en) : anna enne inni onno unnu
Nn (en) : anna enne inni onno unnu
 

NGng (nge) : ang eng ing ong ung
Nga nge ngi ngo ngu

NGng (nge) : ang eng ing ong ung
Nga nge ngi ngo ngu

Pp (pe) : appa eppe ippi oppo uppu
Pp (pe) : appa eppe ippi oppo uppu

Qg (kyu) : Basaha ang Nota Bene sa ubós.
Qg (kyu) : Read the Notes below

Rr (ar) : arra erre irri orro urru
Rr (ar) : arra erre irri orro urru

Ss (es) : assa esse issi osso ussu
Ss (es) : assa esse issi osso ussu

Tt (te) : atta ette itti otto uttu
Tt (te) : atta ette itti otto uttu

Vv (ve) : avva evve ivvi ovvo uvvu
Vv (ve) : avva evve ivvi ovvo uvvu

Ww (we) : awwa ewwe iwwi ovvo uvvu
Ww (we) : awwa ewwe iwwi ovvo uvvu

Xx (ex) : axxa exxe ixxi oxxo uvvu
Xx (ex) : axxa exxe ixxi oxxo uvvu

Zz (ze) : azza ezze izzi ozzo uzzu
Zz (ze) : azza ezze izzi ozzo uzzu

Yy (ye) : ayya eyye iyyi oyyo uyyu
Yy (ye) : ayya eyye iyyi oyyo uyyu


NOTA BENE: Ang litók sa “ce/ci” sosama sa “se/si” ingon dihâ sa “centavo/cigar”.
NOTE WELL: The sounds of “ce/ci” like the “se/si” in the word “centavo/cigar”.
 

* Ang litók sa “Jj” dihâ sa mga sinagóp nga polong espanyol sama ra gayod sa “ha/he/hi/ho/hu”, apan dihâ sa mga sinagóp nga polong English and “j” malitók agid-agid sa “dya/dye/dyi/dyo/dyu”. Pananglitan:
* The “Jj” sounds in terms of Spanish language is just like “ha/he/hi/ho/hu”, but in English “j” can be uttered as “dya/dye/dyi/dyo/dyu”. Example:
 
Espanyol : jamon ; jeff ; jinete ; Jose ; jubilo.
Spanish : jamon ; jeff ; jinete ; Jose ; jubilo.

English : jar ; jet ; jingle (dyingol); John ; Jupiter.
English : jar ; jet ; jingle ; John ; Jupiter.
 
* Ang “Gg” nga gisondan og “e/i” sa mga sinagóp nga polong espanyol pagalitokón og “he/hi” ingon dihâ sa “general/ginebra”, apan dihâ sa mga sinagóp nga polong English ang maóng titik pagalitokón og agid-agid sa “dye/dyi” ingon sa “general/gin”.
* The “Gg” which followed by “e/I” in foreign-language uttered as “he/hi”, “general/ginebra” whereas in English it can be uttered as “dye/dyi” same as “general/gin”.
 
* Ang latin ug espanyol nga “h” dihâ sa mga sinagóp nga polong walâ gayoy’y tingog ingonsa mosonod nga pananglitan:
* The latin and Spanish “h” in the foreign-language words has really no sound just like in the following example:

Latin : habeas corpus ; hernia ; hiatus : honorarium: humor
Latin : habeas corpus ; hernia ; hiatus ; honorarium: humor

Espanyol : hasta ; hermano ; historia ; hostia ; huelga
Español : hasta ; hermano ; historia ; hostia ; huelga
 

Ang espanyol nga “II” mapatakdôan sa visayâ nga “Iy” ingon dihâ sa “villa (vilya) ; guerilla (guerrilya). Apan ang english “II” maampingan ingon dihâ sa “guerilla, valley, villager”.
The Spanish “II” can be replaces by “Iy” in visaya such as village (vilya); guerilla, (guerilla). But in English “II” may be used with caution in “guerilla, valley, villager”.
 

Ang espanyol ug english nga “Qq” dihâ sa mga sinagop nga polong malitók lamang kun gisondan og “ua/ue/ui/uo”. Pananglitan:
In Spanish and English “Qq” the adapted language can be pronounced if followed by “ua/ie/ui/uo”. Examples:

Espanyol : queda (keda); queja (keha) ; querida (kerida) ; Enrique
Quilate (kilate) ; quince (kince) ; quinina (kinina)

Spanish : queda (keda); queja (keha) ; querida (kerida); Enrique
Quilate (kilate) ; quince (kince) ; quinina (kinina)

English : quarter (kwarter) ; question (kwestyon)
Quintuplet (kwintuplet) ; quota (kwota)

English : quarter (kwarter) ; question (kwestyon)
Quintuplet (kwintuplet) ; quota (kwota)

Gawas sa mga sinagóp nga polong english nga nagkataposan og “tion” (question, bastion) ang tanáng english ug espanyol nga sinagóp nga polong uban sa silábical nga “tion” o “coin” pagalitokon gayód sa agid-agid nga “syon” nga tingog.
Aside from the adapted English word that ends with “tion” (question, bastion) all English and Spanish which adapted other syllabicated words like “tio” or “cion” sound.
 
Ang “Xx” nga unang titik sa polong pagalitokón sama sa “Zz”, apan ang “Xx” nga nagsonod sa tingogang “a/e/i/o/u” pagalitokón og “ks”. Pananglitan:
The “Xx” should be pronounced just like “Zz”, but “Xx” if followed by a/e/i/o/u” will be pronounced by “ks”. Examples:

Xavier (Zavier) Zerox (Zeroks) Xilofagos (silofagos)
Xavier (Zavier) Zerox (Zeroks) Xilofagos (silofagos)

Saxophone (saksopon) texto (teksto); sixto (siksto)
Saxophone (saksopon) texto (teksto); sixto (siksto)

Boxing (boksing) tuxedo (tuksedo) influx (influks)
Boxing (boksing) tuxedo (tuksedo) influx (influks)
 
 
Kun ang english “Yy” dihâ sa mga sinagóp nga polong gipakasama nga tingogan ug gipatingog og “I”, kinahanglan ampingan ang maó titik uban sa iyang tingog nga “i”. Pananglitan:
In English “Yy” those adapted words would be pronounced like “i” likewise it should emphasize just like “i”. Examples:
 
Cebu City (Cebu City) ; equity (ekwiti) ; quality (kwaliti)

 
LAGDA sa PANITIK sa mga
sinagóp nga Polong-langyaw

 
[RULES OF PHONETICS in
Adapted Foreign Language]

 
Hangtod karón wâ pay hiniusang paagi paghimo sa vinisayáng panitik sa mga sinagóp nga polong-langyaw. Niining gramaticaha gitoman ang mosonód nga mga lagdà:
Until now there has been no specific guidelines in phonetics in adapted foreign language. In this following grammar the rules are being followed.
 

1) Ang kaugalingong panitik sa mga sinagóp nga polong-langyaw ampingan gayód, kotob sa mahimo, aron masayran ang ilang kagikan ug malitók gilayón ug diha-dihâ masabót ang ilang kahologan. Tingali ang dili malakip niining lagdâa maó ang espanyol nga “n” tongod kay nihit ang mga imprenta ug maquinilya nga dona niining titika. Hinoon kining titika matakdôan sa visayáng “ny” ingon dihâ sa “señor” (senyor); niño (ninyo), ubp.
 
1) In our phonetics in adapted foreign language, care should be taken as possible to distinguished immediately the meaning. Not include in the rule is the Spanish letter “n”. But this can be replaced by “ny” in Visayan as in sir (senyor) child (ninyo) etc.
 
Ang espanyol nga tingogang “ll” matakdoan pod sa visayáng “ly” ingon dihâ sa “villa” (vilya); bellaco (belyaco); bombilla (bombilya).
 
Spanish “ll” sound can be replaced with visayan “ly” such as “village (vilya); bellaco (belyaco); bulb (bombelya).
 
Hinoon wa’y kinahanglan nga takdôan ang english “ll” sa vinisayáng “ly” tongod kay pagalitokón man ang dohá ka “l” ingon dihâ sa “guerilla, valley, bulletin, etc.”
 
Anyway there is no need to substitute English “ll” to visayan “ly” because these can be pronounced just like “guerilla, valley, bulletin, etc.”
 

Aniay mga pananglitan alang sa Lagda No. 1:
Here’s some examples of rule no. 1

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