http://www.LivingInthePhilippines.comis theORIGINAL, firstPhilippines Expat site on the Net, since 1989. This is not one of many knock-offs, copycats, imitations. Some have permutations of the names,misspellings and "in" and "the" or "ing." left off to deceive you. This is the original, by: Don A. Herrington
The Philippine Tribes
and Languages by Prof. Ferdinand
Blumentritt
Notwithstanding the rich literature concerning the peoples and languages of the Philippine Archipelago, there is no book or publications in which are catalogued the names of the tribes and the languages, and this appears the more inexcusable, since both Spanish and Philippine writers, with few exceptions, handle these names very carelessly, so that great confusion must ensue. The prevailing bad form in the Philippines, of transferring the name of one people or family (Stamm) to another, who posses similarities of any kind with the first, either in manner of life, or even only in culture grade in the widest sense of the term, has its counterpart in a second bad fashion of making several peoples out of the one by replacing the folk name with the tribal names. Only with the greatest pains and thought is it possible to extricate one's self from this labyrinth of nomenclature. After thorough search, I am convinced that many names reported to me must be eliminated, since they owe their existence to mistakes in penmanship or printing, to ridicule, misunderstanding, or error, as I have proved in singles instances. However, I have been convinced that by a closer and intelligent exploration of the archipelago, it would not only be possible to make many corrections, particularly in orthog-raphy, but that new names would also be added, especially from northern Luzon and from the interior of other islands. I have introduced into this catalogue all the variations of published names known to me, and briefly the description of tribal locations and reports on their culture grades, especially their religion. Besides the Negritos, I differentiate only Malay peoples (Stamme) in general, because her regards for different principles of grouping and subdividing of the Malay race would appear to serve no good end and perhaps prove troublesome. Obsolete forms of names are carefully marked with a cross. Where I , as with the Talaos, Mardicas, and Cafres, take note of foreign peoples or castes on the islands, it is because Spanish authors have erroneously set them down as Philippine. On the other hand, in order to draw attention to a few names customary in the country for races and castes, I have included the following, not belonging here in strict accordance with the title of this articles: Castila, Cimarrones, Indios, Infieles, Insulares, Mestizos, Montaraz, Penin-sulares, Remondatus, and Sangle.
Abacas
Heathen Malay
people, who lived in the dense forest of Caraballo Sur (Luzon). Warlike, probably head-hunters. In
the last century they were Christianized, and their territory the
parish of Carangalan ( province of Nueva Ecija) was fouded,
where their descendants lived as peaceful Christians. They have a
language of their own, but appear now to be thoroughly Tagalized.
Abra-Igorots, Igorots of Abra
Collective title for the
head-hunters living in the province of Abra ( Luzon). Belong for the
most part to the Guinaanes.
Abulon
The name of a
group of wild peoples living in the mountain regions of Zambales.
They are perhaps identical with the Zambales and Igorots.
Adang
A folk with a
language of their own, who dwell about a mountain of the same name
in the province of Ilocos Norte. According to the Augustians P.
Buzeta and P. Bravo, they are a mixture of Malays and Negritos. But
the first-named element is more prevalent than the second. Their customs resemble those of the
Apayaos, their next neighbors; still they do not appear to the
head-hunters.
Aeta, see Negrito
Variants: Aheta, Eta, Aita, Aigta, Ita, Atta, Agta, Inagta, Ate, Ata, etc.
from the Tagalog ita, itim, Malay itam, Bicol ytom, black)
Agutainos
Name of the
natives of Malay race in the island of Agutaya, in the Cuyo
archipelago (province of Calamianes). They have their own dialect,
called Aguitano; are Christianized and civilized.
Alibaon, Alibabaun
Not the same of the people, but, it seems, a title
of the Moro chief, settled on the bay of Davao
Alimut
This name is
cited in the form Igorots of Alimut. Supposed to be the tribe of
head-hunterswho live in June, 1889, in tha lately erected
comandancia Quiangan and on tha banks of the river Alimut. In this
case they should belong to the Mayoyao or Ifugao family ( Luzon).
Altasanes or Altabanes
In both form
of head-hunting people of northen Nueva Vizcaya ( Luzon) is known.
The correct spelling of the name should be decided. They appear to
to have no language of their own and perhaps belong to Mayaos and
Ifugaos.
Apayaos
Warlike
head-hunters, having their own language and dwelling in the northern
portion of the province of Cagayan (Luzon) and the adjoining
portions of Ilocos Norte and Abra. Buzeta and Bravo report that they
are not full-blood Malays, but mixed with Negritos. It must not be
forgotten, howeer that the Spanish authors have such mixtures ready
made. Dark hairs a mixture of Negritos blood; clear skin or
yellowish is the result of crossing with Chinese or Japanese. They
are partly Christianized. Some Spanish authors declare their
language to be Mandaya, but this is improbable.
Variants: Apayos, Apoyaos. (Consult also Vol. VIII, folio series of
the Royal
Ethnographic Museum in Dresden, by A. B.Meyer with Schadenburg
Aripas
A Malay
language, spoken by a peaceful people. They live near Nacsiping and
Tubang (Luzon). They are heathen, but a portion of them have been
converted to Christianity. With these new the villageof Aripa has
been founded.
Atas ( also Ataas, Itaas)
1. A powerful people of
unknown origin, who occupy the head waters of the rivers Davas,
Tagunay, and Libaganum, and their extends in the eastern portion of
the province of Misamis (Mindanao) to the home of the Bukidnones.
Little is known about Atas; they appear to be a mixture of Negritos
and Malays. They have a language of their own. Their name means
"dweller in highlands." Variants: Ataas Itaas:
2. A mixture of Bicols and Negritos in Camarines Sur .[On the
founding of Atas with Aetas, consult A. B. Meyer, 1899, p. 18. The
Atas withare not pure Negritos.-----Tr,]
Ate
Name which
the Tagbanuas of Palawan (Paragua) give to the Negritos.
Atta
Dialect
spoken by the Negritos of the province of Cagayan ( Luzon).
Baganis
No people is
known under this name, as Moya erronuesly asserts; it is title
conferred on every Manobo warrior who has slainseven enemies.
Bagobos
A heathen and
bloodthirsty people of Malay derivation and with an idiom of their
own. Their home is at the foot of the volcano of Apo (Davao, in
Mindanao). There are detached Christian settlements of them
Balugas
1. Collective title for dark mixed people of Malay
and Negrito race, derived from the Tagalog word baloga, "black mixed
one." Baklugas are to be found in several portions of central Luzon.
2. Some authors identify Aetas with Baluga. Camarca calls the black,
woolly savages of the mountains in Camumusan or " Negros Balugas,"
so itr seems that in certain regions more or less pure-blooded
Negritos were called by this time
Banaos
In northern
Luzon. See A. B. Meyer, with A. Schadenberg, in vol.VIII. folio
series of the Royal Ethnographic Museum, in Dresden.
Bangal-Bangal
The Dulanganes
are so called by the Moros
Bangot
A name conferred on various bands by Manguianes in
Mindoro, for the place and mode of life. So called are (1), by the
Socol and Bulalacao, those Manguianes who inhabit the plains; and
(2) those Manguianes of Mongoloid type who have their dwelling
places on the bank of the streams south of Pinamalayan
Banuaon
Name of the Manobos tribe from which Christian
settlement of Amporo, in the district of Surigao ( Mindanao),was
formed.
Barangan
Name borne by those Manguian hordes who occupy the
most elevated stations in the Mangarin Mountains ( Mindoro)
Batak
Another name of the Tinitianos, especially those
that dwell in the neighbor of Punta Tinita and the Babuyan Creek, on
the island of Palawan
Batan
The inhabitants of Batanes Island were and are
enumerated by Spanish authors among the Ibanags or Cagayanes.
According to Dr. T. H Pardo this is incorrect, for their idiom
differs not only from the Ibanag but from all others in the
Philippines, having the sound of "tsch," unknown elsewhere in the
archipelago, and a nasal sound like that of the French "en." They
are therefore to be separated form the Cagayanes
Bayabonan
Name of a supposed Malay people with a languages of
their own, living as neighbor to the Gamunanges on the mountain
slopes eastward from Tuao, in Cagayan (Luzon).They are heaten and
little is known of them the Cagayanes
Beribi
Manguianes domiciled between Socol and Bulalacao,
living on the mountains. (Compare Bangot)
Bicol
Autonym of those natives of Malay race who inhabit
the peninsula of Camarines in Luzon and some outlaying islands. On
the arrival of the spanish they were somewhat civilized and had a
kind of writing. They are Christian, still a section of them live
under the names of Igorots, or Cimarrones, mostly mixed with Negrito
blood, in the wilds of Isaog, Iriga, Buhi, Caramuan, etc, wild, and
plunged in the deepest heathendom. The official spelling of the name
of Vicol. This is clear, since in Spanish the letter v, especially
before e or i, is sounded like German b.
Biianes
A Malay people occupying, according, a larger area
than I have attributed to them in my ethnographic chart of Mindanao,
here thoroughly penetrated also by other socks. The Sarangani
island, lying off the southern point of Mindanao, are inhabited by
them. They are heathen, of peaceful disposition. The proper form of
their name ought to be Buluan, so that they have the title as the
lake. They must then at first have been called Tagabuluan ( Taga=whence
from there). ( Compare Tagabelies)
Bisayas
Officially written Visayas. A Malay people who on
the arrival of Spaniards, had a culture and an art of writing of
their own. They inhabit the islands named after them, besides the
northern and the eastern coast of Mindanao, with small intrusions of
heathen populations that have become Visayised since the converted
tribes-Manobos, Buquidnones, Subanos, Mandayas, etc., have been
taught the Visaya language in the schools. Also Zamboanga and
Cotabao show Visaya setllements. Among them are to be the Mundos. At
the time of discovery they painted ( or tattoed) their bodies,
on which account they received from the Spaniards the name of
Pintados, which stuck to them even till the eighteenth century. They
are Christians. Their languages is divided into several dialects, of
which the Cebuano and Panayaoare most important. ( Compare
Calamiao,Halayo are most important, Caraga, Blumentritt places their
number at 2,500,000 and upwards. Globus, 1896, LXX, p. 213.)
Bontok- Igorots
Collective name of the head-hunting peoples living
in the province of Bontok, to whom also the Guinaanes belong.
Bouayanan
A heathen folk in the head-hunting of Palawan. the
name appears to mean "crocodile men."
Buhuanos, Bujuanos
A heathen folk related to the Igorots (
head-haunters?), dwelling in the province of Isabela de Luzon. They
are warlike in nature.
Bulalacaunos
A wild peole of Malay race (without Negrito
mixture?), having its own (?) idiom. It is to be found in the
interior of northern part of the island of Palawan (Paragua) and in
Calamianes islands.
Buluanes
see Bilanes
Bungananes
A warlike, head-hunting (?) people live in
the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela de Luzon. Except the
name. almost nothing is known of them, and in my view this not
certain.
Bukidnones, Buquidnones
A heathen Malay people living in the eastern part
of the district of Misamis (Mindanao), from Ibigan to Punta Divata
(the coast is setlle chiefly by Visayas) and along the Rio de
Tagoloan. Lately they have been partly Christianized. The Spaniard
conferred on them the name of Monteses, "dwellers in the mountain,"
which is a translation of their name.
Bukil, Buquil
Name of different Manguiana tribes of Mindoro: (1)
the Manguianes mixed with Negrito blood, whose homes are in the
vicinity of Bacoo and Subaan; (2) those that dwellon the spurs of
the mountains between Socol and Bulalacao, and show a pure Malay
type, (3) in Pinamalayan they are called Manguianes of Mongoloid
type, who inhabits the plains; (4) the Manguianes who dwell on the
banks of the rivers are named Mangarin. In view only to tribes
living in mountain forests, it appears to me that the settlements
given under 3 and 4 are incorrect
Buquitnon
A "race" by this name, on the island of Negros, until recently unknown
(used in La Oceania Espanola, Manila, August 9, 1889, copied from
the Provenir de Visaya.) The Buquitnon are said to be the heathen
tribe of about 40,000 souls that hasits homes on the mountains of
Negros, not massed together and not to be distinguished from the
Visayas living on the coast.. Whether the Carolanos are identical
with them is hard to say. The name Buquitnon, of Mindanao, to be
strongly distinguished from each other.
Buriks
Under this name figures a pretended Igorot people
in all publications devoted to the Igorots, but Dr. Hans Meyer.found
that Burik applies to any Igorot who is tattooed in a certain
manner. I did not believe this until a Philippine friend, Eduardo P.
Casal, wrote that the Igorots in the Philippines Exposition in
Madrid, in 1887, had confirmed the statements of Dr. Meyer.
Busaos
From Spanish accounts the Busaos are a separate
divisions of Igorots.Dr. Hans Meyer has reported that the Basaos or
Bisaos, through manner, costume, and custom, are to be numbered
rather with the Guiaanes and Bontok-Igorots than with the Igorots
proper.
Cafres
No native people by this name. The Papuan slaves
brought to Manila by the Portuguese at the end of the sixteenth and
the beginning of the seventeenth century were so called. ( The
abolition of slavery under Philip II arrested this traffic.)
Cagayanes
A Malay language group. Their dwelling places are
the Rio Grande3 de Cagayan (Luzon) from Furao to the mouth,
the Babuyanes and Batanes islands, although the people of the last
named are by some authors made an indefendent stock. (Compare Batan.)
The Cagayanes had at the time of the Spanish discovery a
civilization of thier own. They are Christians. Their language is
Ibanag. From them are to be sharply discriminated the people of
Cagayn, in Mindanao, belonging to the Visayan stock.
Calaganes
A small Malayan people who live on the Casilaran
Creek ( Bay of Davao, Mindanao). Partly converted to Christianity.
Calamiano
Buzeta and Bravo understand by Calamiano a Visaya
dialect which was made up of Tagalog mixed with Visaya and spoken by
the Christians of northern Palawan (Paragua) and Calamianes islands.
Pere Fr. Juan de San Antonio has preachedin Calamiano and composed
in it a catechism. The existence of the Calamiano language should
therefore be unassailable, but A. Marche has declared that it does
not exist
Calauas (pronounce as Calawas)
A Malay people, heathen and peaceable. They live
near Malauec, in the valleys of the Rio Chico de Cagayan (Luzon),
and on the strip of land called Partido de Itaves. Their language is
called Itaves also. but others declare their speech to be identical
with the Malauec. The protion of the Calauas who hold the Itaves
land are by some authors called Itaveses. I am not whether there may
not have been a misunderstanding here.
Calibuganes
So are called in western Midanao the mixture of
Moros and Subanos.
Calingas
(1) In northern Luzon, Calinga is the collective
designation for "wild" natives, independent heathen, as, in
nothwestern Luzon, the word Igorot is applied. (2) The term is
specially attached (a) to that warlike people of Malay descent who
live between Rio Cagayan Grande and Rio Abulug, and are marked by
their Mongoloid type; (b) according to Semper, also the Irayas. (See
Die Calingas. by Blmentritt. in Das Ausland 1891, No. 17, pp.
328-331)
Camucones, Camocones
Name of the Moro pirates who inhabit the little
islands of the Sulu group east of Tawi-Tawi, and the islands between
these and Borneo; but on the last the name Tirones is also conferred
Cancanai, Cancanay
Igorot dialect spoken in the northwest of Benguet
Caragas
In order works are so named the warlike and
Christian inhabitants of the localities subdued by the Spaniards on
the east of Mindanao, and indeed, after their principal city,
spoken, and an especial Caraga nation is no longer known. I explain
this as follows: Laready at that time newly arrived Manobos and
Mandayas were setlledwho spoke Visaya and newcomers are to ne
identified with the Caraga, if in the end, under the first, the
Mandaya is not to be directly understood.
Variants:Caraganes *, Calaganes (to be distinguished from Calaganes
of Davao), Caraguenos ( now the name of the inhabitants of Daraga la
Nueva and Caraga)
Carolanos
Diaz Arenas so designates the heathen and wild
natives who inhabit the mountain lands of Negros, especially the
Cordillera, of Cauyua. They appear to be of Malay stock,
transplanted Igorots from Negros. practically nothing is known
concerning them. Compare Buquitnon
Castilas
Native name for Spanianrds and other Europeans in
the Philippine Islands
Catalanganes
A Malay people of Mongoloid type. They live in the flood plain of the
Catalangan river (province of Isabela de Luzon). They are heathen
and peaceable, and have the same langauge as the Irayas. (Half
Tagala and half Chinese, Brinton, American Anthropologist, 1898, XI,
p. 302.)
Cataoan
A dialect spoken by the Igorots of the district of Lepanto, living in
the valley of the Abra River.
Catubanganes, or Catabangenes
Warike heathen, settled in the mountains of Guinayangan, in the
province of Tayabas (Luzon). Through lack of available information
nothing can be said about their race affiliations, whether they be
pure Malay or Negrito-Malay. They are probably Remotados mixed with
Negrito blood and gone wild.
Cebuano
Dialect Visaya
Cimarrones
This characterized ("wild," :gone wild") is given to heathen tribes of
most varied affiliations, living without attachment and in poverty,
chiefly posterity of the Remontados. (See note by A. B. Meyer 1899,
p. 12.----- Translator.)
Coyuvos
The natives of Cuyo archipelago (province of Calamianes), with
exception of those who belong to the stock of Agutainos. According
to A. Marche, the Coyuvos appear to be Christianized Tagbanuas. For
that reason would the idiom called Coyuvo be the Tagbanua.
Culamanes
Another name for the Manobos, who live on the southern portion of the
coast of Davao Bay, the so-called coast of Tagbuana.
Dadayag
A Malay people who, occupy the mountain wilds in the western parts of
Cabagan (province of Cagayan). They have a language of their
own and are warlike heathen as well as head-hunters.
Variants: Dadaya
Dapitan (Nacion de)
Title conferred in the sixteenth century on the Visaya of the present
comadancia of Dapitan (province of Misamis , Mindanao)
DayhagangTitle conferred in the sixteenth century on the Visaya of the present
comadancia of Dapitan (province of Misamis , Mindana
According to S. Mas, before the arrival of the Spaniards, the progeny
of Borneo-Malays and Negrito women were so called.
Dulanganes
This heathen people occupy the southern part of the district of Davao.
The name signifies "wild men." It is not known whether they are pure
bloods or Malays with infusion of Negrito blood. I believe that the
Malays with type predominates. Since they also bear the name of
Gulanganes, perhaps, more properly, it is to be suspected that they
form with the Mangulangas, Manguangas, and Guiangas (q. v.) a single
linguistic group, or at least a stock closely related to them. This
is merely a conjecture. By the Moros they are called Bangal-Bangal.
Dumagat
A name conferred on the Negritos of the northeast coast of Luzon and
by older non-Spanish writers on coast dwellers of Samar, Leyte, and
Mindoro. Latterly it has come about that the Tagal name Dumagat
(from dagat, "sea," "dweller on the strand," : skillful sailor,"etc.)
has been taken for name of a people. ( A. B. Meyer, 1899. p. 11,
calls the Dumagates Negrito half-breeds of the island of the island
of Alabat, qouting Steen Bille, Reise der galathea, 1852, Vol. I, p.
451.-----Translator.)
Durugmun
The Manguianes of Mongoloid type are so called who occupy the highest
portions of the mountains around Pinamalayan (Mindoro). They are
called also Buchtulan.
Etas
see Negritos
Gaddanes
A Malay haed-hunting people, with a language of their own, settled in
the provinces of Isabela and Cagayan, but especially in the
comandancia of Saltan ( Luzon). The Gaddanes of Bayombong and
Bagabag are Christians; the rest are heathen.
Gamungan, Gamunanganes
A Malay people having their own idiom, and inhabiting the mountain
provinces in the eastern and northeastern portions of Tuao
(province of Cagayan, Luzon).
They are heathen.
Guiangas, Guangas
A Malay people in the northeastern and northern part of Davao
(Mindanao). They are heathen and do not differ greatly from the
Bagobo, their neighbors; on the other hand, according to the
accounts of the Jesuit missionaries, their speech differs totally
from those of the heathen tribes near by, and for that reason it is
difficult to learn. On account of their wildness they are much
decried. The variants, Guanga and Gulanga, which means "forest
people," give rise to the bare suspicion that they are a fragment of
the little-known tribe who, according to location, lived scattered
in southern Mindanao under the names: Manguangas, Mangulangas,
Dulanganes.
Guimbajanos (pronounced Gimbahanos)
The historians of the seventeenth century, under this
title, designate a wild, heathen people, apparently of Malay origin,
living in the interior of Sulu Island. Their name is derived from
their war drum (guimba). Later writers are silent concerning them.
In modern times the first mention of them is by P. A. de Pazos and
by a Manila journal, from which accounts they are still at least in
Carodon and in the valley of the Loo; it appears that a considerable
portion of them, if not in the entire portion, have received Islam.
Varinats: Guinbajanos, Guimbanos, Guimbas, Quimpanos
Guinaanes (pronounced Ginaanes)
A Malay head-hunting people inhabiting the watershed of the Rio Abra
and Rio Grande de Cagayan (Luzon), as well as the neighboring region
of Isabela and Abra. They are heathen; their languages posseses the
letter f.
Variants: Guianes, Ginan, Quinanes. (See A. B. Meyer, with A.
Schadenberg, Volume VIII, folio series, Royal Ethnographic Museum,
Dresden, 1890.)
Gulanga
see Guianga
Gulanganes
see Dulanganes
Halay
A Visaya dialect spoken in the interior of Panay.
Haray
A Visaya dialect spoken in the interior of the
island of Panay, nearly identical spoken with the foregoing.
Hiliguayna
A Visaya dialect spoken on the coast of the island
of Panay.
Variants: Hiligueyna, Hiligvoyna.
Hillunas, Hilloonas
see Illanos
Ibalones
Ancient name of Bicols, especially those of Albay
Ibanag
Name of the language spoken by the Cagayanes.
They posses the letter f.s
Idan, Idaan
The Idan sought by non-Spanish authors on the
islands of Palawan (Paragua) and Sulu, have not been found.s
Ifugaos
A dreaded Malay head-hunting people who inhabit the
provinces of Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela and the lately formed
comandancia of Quiangan. To them belong the Quianganes, Silipanos,
etc. They are heathen. Their language posseses the sound of f.
Ifumangies
According to Diaz Arenas, this name applies to a
tribe of Igorots who were then (1848) in the province of Nueva
Vizcaya. The f in their name leads to the suspicion that they are
Ifugaos.
Ibilaos
A Malay head-hunting people, having also apparently
Negrito blood in their veins. They are heathen and inhabit the
border lands of Nueva Vizcaya and Nueva Ecija.
Igorots
With the name Ygolot the first chronicles
xharacterized the warlike heathen who now inhabit Benguet, therefore
the pure Igorots. Later, name extended to all the head-hunters of of
northern Luzon; still later it was made to cover the Philippine
islanders collectively, and to-day the title is so comprehensive
that the name Igorot is synonymous with wild. According to Hans
Meyer, the name applies only to the Igorots of Lepanto and Benguet,
who speak the dialects Inibaloi, Cancanai, cataoan, and a fourth (Suflin?),
that of the Berpe Data.
Variants: Ygolot. Ygulut
( A Chinese-Japaneses Tagala group. Brinton, Amer. Anthropologist,
1898, XI, p.302. COnsult A. B. Consult A. B. Meyer, with A.
Schadenberg, in Vol. VIII, folio series of the Royal Ethnographic
Museum, in Dresden, 1980; and Die Igoroten von Pangasinana, F.
Blumentritt, by Mitgeil. T. K. K. Geogr. Gesellschaft in Wein, 1900,
hft. 3 u. 4
Ilamut
Name of an Igorot tribe always mentioned together
with that of Altasanes. If this tribe really exists, its home is in
the Cordilleras which separate Benguet from Nueva Vizcaya, and is to
be sought, indeed, in the last-named province, especially in
Quiangan. They may be identical with the Alimut.
Ilanos, Illanos
The Moros dwelling in the territory of Illano,
Mindanao. Their name should be connected with Lanao, "lake," since
their land in closes Lake Dagum, or Lanao. This conjecture is
strengthened through the names Lanun, Lanaos, Malanos, existing in
the neighborhood. (Consult A. B. Meyer, Crania, Ethnica," 1882, p.
178, where they are called Negrito.----Translator.)
Ileabanes
According to Diaz Arenas there existed in Igorot
tribe of this name (1848) in the province of Nueva Ecija
Ilocanos
A Malay people, with language of their own. At the
discovery they had their peculiar culture and an alphabet. They
inhabit the provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Union, and from
the the civic population of Abra, whose Tinguian peasants they
Olocanise. Since they are fond of wandering, their settlements are
scattered in other provinces of Luzon, as Benguet, Pampnga, Cagayan,
Isabela de Luzon, Pangasinan, Zambales, and Nueva Ecija. They are to
be found as far as the east coast of Luzon. They are Christians and
civilized. (The Ilocanos of the northwest are markedly Chinese in
appearance and speech. Brinton, Amer. Anthropologosit, 1898, XI, p.
302. Consult A. B. Meyer, with A. Schadenberg, in Vol. VIII, folio
series, of the Royal Ethnographic Museum in Dresden, 1890.)
Ilongotes
A Malay people of apparent Mongoloid type,
inhabiting the borders of Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, and Principe, and
known also in Nueva Ecija. They are bloodthirsty head-hunters.( In
the eastern Cordillera, a rather pure but
Indios
Under this
tilte the Spanish understand the non-Mahammedanized natives of Malay
descent, especially those Christianized and civilized .
Infieles
Heathen,
uncivilized peoplesof Malay descent; were so named by the Spaniards.
Inibalao
Name of the
dialect spoken by the Igorots Agnothales
Insulares
Spaniards born in the Philippine
Archipelago.
Irapis
After Mas, a subdivision of
Igorots.
Irayas
A Malay people mixed with Negrito
blood, who dwell south of the Catalanganes and in the western
declivities of the Cordillera of Palanan (Luzon). The speak the same
language as Catalanganes, and are likewise heathen. Their name seems
to mean "dwellers on the plains," "owners of plains." To them the
collective name Calinga is applied. (Consult A. B. Meyer, with A.
Schadenberg, in Vol.VIII, folio series, of the Royal Ethnographic
Museum in Dresden, 1890.)
Isinays (Isinayas, Isinay).
In the eighteenth century the
heathen population of the then mission province of Ituy were so
called, which includes the present communities of Aritao, Dupax,
Banibang, Bayombong ( Nueva Vizcaya , Luzon). It is not certain
whether they are a separate people or are identical with Gaddanus,
Italones, or Ifugaos.
Italones
A head -hunting Malay people who
inhabit the mountain wilds of Nueva Vizcaya ,( Luzon ) .They are
heathens, only a small part of them having embraced
Christianity.
Ita
see Negritos.
Itaas
see Atas.
Itanegas,Itaneg,Itaveg
See Tinguianes.
Itaves
So used the language of the
Calauas to be called : still there are authors who affirm that these
two are different. Nothing certain is known concerning this name,
which is also written Itaues, Itanes.From latest accounts, this is a
dialect of Gaddan.
Itetapanes.( Itetapaanes ).
According to Buzeta and Bravo, a
head - hunting Malay people mixed with Negrito blood, living on the
western borders of Isabela de Luzon and perhaps also in Bontok.
Ituis
According to Mas, a subdivision of
Igorots. Nothing more is known.Compare Isinays.
Ivanha
Form of Ibanag.
Joloanos
The Moros of Sulu.
Jacanes,
see Yacanes.
Kianganes
seeQuianganes. ( Meyer has
Kingianes, 1899.)
Jumangi
see Humangi.
Humanchi
Heathen people of Central Luzon
(?): written Jumangi.
Latan
Another name for the Manguianes
who inhabit the plains of Mangarin ( Mindoro).
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