(5) No law
shall be passed authorizing any transfer of appropriations; however,
the President, the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House
of Representatives, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and the
heads of Constitutional Commissions may, by law, be authorized to
augment any item in the general appropriations law for their
respective offices from savings in other items of their respective
appropriations.
(6) Discretionary funds
appropriated for particular officials shall be disbursed only for
public purposes to be supported by appropriate vouchers and subject
to such guidelines as may be prescribed by law.
(7) If, by the end of any fiscal
year, the Congress shall have failed to pass the general
appropriations bill for the ensuing fiscal year, the general
appropriations law for the preceding fiscal year shall be deemed
re-enacted and shall remain in force and effect until the general
appropriations bill is passed by the Congress.
Section 26. (1) Every bill
passed by the Congress shall embrace only one subject which shall be
expressed in the title thereof.
(2) No bill passed by either
House shall become a law unless it has passed three readings on
separate days, and printed copies thereof in its final form have
been distributed to its Members three days before its passage,
except when the President certifies to the necessity of its
immediate enactment to meet a public calamity or emergency. Upon the
last reading of a bill, no amendment thereto shall be allowed, and
the vote thereon shall be taken immediately thereafter, and the yeas
and nays entered in the Journal.
Section 27. (1) Every bill
passed by the Congress shall, before it becomes a law, be presented
to the President. If he approves the same he shall sign it;
otherwise, he shall veto it and return the same with his objections
to the House where it originated, which shall enter the objections
at large in its Journal and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such
reconsideration, two-thirds of all the Members of such House shall
agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the
objections, to the other House by which it shall likewise be
reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of all the Members of
that House, it shall become a law. In all such cases, the votes of
each House shall be determined by yeas or nays, and the names of the
Members voting for or against shall be entered in its Journal. The
President shall communicate his veto of any bill to the House where
it originated within thirty days after the date of receipt thereof,
otherwise, it shall become a law as if he had signed it.
(2) The President shall have the
power to veto any particular item or items in an appropriation,
revenue, or tariff bill, but the veto shall not affect the item or
items to which he does not object.
Section 28. (1) The rule of
taxation shall be uniform and equitable. The Congress shall evolve a
progressive system of taxation.
(2) The Congress may, by law,
authorize the President to fix within specified limits, and subject
to such limitations and restrictions as it may impose, tariff rates,
import and export quotas, tonnage and wharfage dues, and other
duties or imposts within the framework of the national development
program of the Government.
(3) Charitable institutions,
churches and personages or convents appurtenant thereto, mosques,
non-profit cemeteries, and all lands, buildings, and improvements,
actually, directly, and exclusively used for religious, charitable,
or educational purposes shall be exempt from taxation.
(4) No law granting any tax
exemption shall be passed without the concurrence of a majority of
all the Members of the Congress.
Section 29. (1) No money shall
be paid out of the Treasury except in pursuance of an appropriation
made by law.
(2) No public money or property
shall be appropriated, applied, paid, or employed, directly or
indirectly, for the use, benefit, or support of any sect, church,
denomination, sectarian institution, or system of religion, or of
any priest, preacher, minister, other religious teacher, or
dignitary as such, except when such priest, preacher, minister, or
dignitary is assigned to the armed forces, or to any penal
institution, or government orphanage or leprosarium.
(3) All money collected on any
tax levied for a special purpose shall be treated as a special fund
and paid out for such purpose only. If the purpose for which a
special fund was created has been fulfilled or abandoned, the
balance, if any, shall be transferred to the general funds of the
Government.
Section 30. No law shall be
passed increasing the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court as
provided in this Constitution without its advice and concurrence.
Section 31. No law granting a
title of royalty or nobility shall be enacted.
Section 32. The Congress shall,
as early as possible, provide for a system of initiative and
referendum, and the exceptions therefrom, whereby the people can
directly propose and enact laws or approve or reject any act or law
or part thereof passed by the Congress or local legislative body
after the registration of a petition therefor signed by at least ten
per centum of the total number of registered voters, of which every
legislative district must be represented by at least three per
centum of the registered voters thereof.
ARTICLE VII
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
Section 1. The executive power
shall be vested in the President of the Philippines.
Section 2. No person may be
elected President unless he is a natural-born citizen of the
Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least
forty years of age on the day of the election, and a resident of the
Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding such
election.
Section 3. There shall be a
Vice-President who shall have the same qualifications and term of
office and be elected with, and in the same manner, as the
President. He may be removed from office in the same manner as the
President.
The Vice-President may be appointed as a Member of the Cabinet. Such
appointment requires no confirmation.
Section 4. The President and the
Vice-President shall be elected by direct vote of the people for a
term of six years which shall begin at noon on the thirtieth day of
June next following the day of the election and shall end at noon of
the same date, six years thereafter. The President shall not be
eligible for any re-election. No person who has succeeded as
President and has served as such for more than four years shall be
qualified for election to the same office at any time.
No Vice-President shall serve for more than two successive terms.
Voluntary renunciation of the office for any length of time shall
not be considered as an interruption in the continuity of the
service for the full term for which he was elected.
Unless otherwise provided by law, the regular election for President
and Vice-President shall be held on the second Monday of May.
The returns of every election for President and Vice-President, duly
certified by the board of canvassers of each province or city, shall
be transmitted to the Congress, directed to the President of the
Senate. Upon receipt of the certificates of canvass, the President
of the Senate shall, not later than thirty days after the day of the
election, open all the certificates in the presence of the Senate
and the House of Representatives in joint public session, and the
Congress, upon determination of the authenticity and due execution
thereof in the manner provided by law, canvass the votes.
The person having the highest number of votes shall be proclaimed
elected, but in case two or more shall have an equal and highest
number of votes, one of them shall forthwith be chosen by the vote
of a majority of all the Members of both Houses of the Congress,
voting separately.
The Congress shall promulgate its rules for the canvassing of the
certificates.
Next Pages
|
