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ANG MGA PANAL-OT
THE ARTICLES

Apan kun gisangga ang “sa” og adjetivong polingahn uba’g ngahng comón sa dapit o botáng siya pagaisipon gayód nga yanong panal-ot. Pananglitan:
But when “in/for/of” is supported by adjective pronoun along with common noun in places or things should be considered as simple article. Examples

Siya moabang sa inyong apartment.
He/She will rent in your apartment. 
Mangayň kami sa imong pasaylo.
We will ask for your forgiveness.

Ang “nga”
The “that/which”


Ang yanong panal-ot “nga” sagád igkitŕ talě sa adjetivo ug sustantivo, ingon man sa naadjetivo nga verbo ug sustantivo. Pananglitan:
The simple article “that/which” regularly be seen by adjective and substantive, just like the made adjective verb and substantive. Example:

tam-is nga avocado
sweet avocado
avocado nga tam-is
avocado which is sweet
itom nga zapatos
black shoes
zapatos nga itom
shoes which is black       
tawo nga taas
tall man    
taas nga tawo
man that is tall
nindot nga sakyanan
nice car
sakyanan nga nindot
car which is nice
haligi nga gicemento
posted cement
gicemento nga haligi
cement which is posted
haligi nga cemento
post cement    
cemento nga haligi
cement which is post

Ang yanong panal-ot “nga” igkitŕ pod dihâ sa pahayag nga may lonsayng adverbio, giadverbio nga verbo, sustantivo kon adjetivo. Pananglitan:
The simple article “that/which” can be seen in the entire sentence of the adverb, made adverb verb, substantive and also adjective. Example:

Si Anna misolti  nga hinay kaayo.
Anna is talking  that is very slow
Kami nangaon nga nagkanta-kanta.
We eat that is singing
Akó molangóy nga maginisda.
I will swim which is like a fish.
Ikaw mikanta nga nagkangohal.
You are singing that is like crazy.

N.B. Niining gramaticaha makitŕ ng daghan og kagamitan ang polong “nga' 
N.B. In this grammar it can be seen that there are many ways in using the word “that/which”.

Ang “ka”
The “you”   

Ang yanong panal-ot “ka” mahisgotán na sa pagsaysay sa pangisip nga adjetivo. Kinisiya, sanglit kinahanglanon nga sangga sa pangisip nga adjetivo, ipahimotang gayód kanonay sama sa yanong panal-ot “nga” talě sa adjetivo ug sustantivo; hinoon dilě mahimo ang binali-bali nga pagpauná sa adjetivo ug sustantivo, kay uban niining panal-ota sa “ka” kinahanglan mag-una gayod kaniya ang pangisip nga adjetivo ug magsonód kaniya ang sustantivo. Pananglitan:

The simple article “you” can be mentioned in the mind of adjective. This is necessary to be supported in the adjective, should be properly placed just like simple article “that/which” in the adjective and substantive; however its not right to make the adjective and substantive be advanced in reverse, because in this article “you” it is necessary to have an advance mind adjective and will be followed by the substantive. Example:   

Tamŕ   :           usa ka pamilya
Right    :           one family  
Sayóp  :           pamilya ka usa
Wrong :           you family first    
Tamŕ   :           upat ka hari
right    :           four kings  
Sayóp  :           hari ka upat
Wrong :           king  you four   
Tamŕ   :           siyam ka tawo
Right    :           nine men   
Sayóp  :           tawo ka siyam
Wrong :           men you nine   
lima ka bolak
five  flowers
you five  flowers
bolak ka lima
walo ka payág
eight  nipa huts
payág ka walo
you eight  nipa huts
pipilá ka kabayo 
a few horses
horses ka pipila
you a few horses

Ang “ba”
The “ba”


Ang yanong panal-ot “ba” sagád igkitŕ dihâ sa interogativong pahayag, apan igkitŕ pod kinisiya sa declarativong pahayag. Kanonay kinisiya nga ipatopád sa verbo kun litokón o solatón ang verbo.
The simple article “ba” regularly be seen in the interrogative sentence; but can bee seen also in the declarative sentence. This is always be beside the verb if this verb will be spoken and also written.

ANG MGA PANAL-OT
THE ARTICLES

Nakita ba nimo si Mercy?
Did you see Mercy?   
Si Lynlyn ba diáy ang mianhi?
Was  Lynlyn the one coming?
Maó ba ikaw si Jeffry?
You are Jeffry?    
Kinsa ba kanâsila?
Who was them?
Natolisan ba si Cory?
Was he/she robbed?  
Naunsa ba diay kamo?
What happen to you?
Akó ba gipaamot nila?
Am I being collected with money? 
kaw ba gipangita namň.
You are what we are looking for.
Siya ba giutangan nakň.
Was he/she my debtor.  
Karón ba nawad-an kami og kwarta.
Today, we lost money.

Ang “ra''
The “also/only”


Ang yanong panal-ot “ra” sagád igkitŕ nga kasangga sa yanong panal-ot “ba”. Pananglitan:
The simple article “also/only” regularly be seen being supported by the simple article “ba”. Example:

Si Bryan ra ba moanhi karon.
Was Bryan the only one coming now.
Moabót ra ba silá nunod adlaw.
Are they also coming next day?
Si Harold molakáw ra ba unya.
Harold  will also go out later.  
Ugmŕ pa ra ba ang kanta.
The song   is only for tomorrow.

N.B. Ang mga panal-ot “ang, nga, sa, og, ra” may laing panal-ot nga kagamitan. Ang “ang/nga” magamit nga relativong polingahn.
N.B. The articles “the, that/which, in/for/at, and, also/only” have also other uses. The “the/that/which” can be used as relative pronoun.

Ang “ba/ra” kon ang “ra ba” masanggahan pod og laing panal-ot ingon sa preposiciong panal-ot. Masanggahan pa pod gani kinisilá og adverbio. Pananglitan:
The “ba/also/only” or the “also/only” can be supported with other particle just like the preposition article. Also supported with adverb. Example:

Si Ronalin ba lagi ang nagsolti niana kanimo?
Was Ronalin the one telling you that?   
Ikaw ba diáy ang mianhi dinhi kagabii?
Are you the one who came here last night?
Paantoson pa ba nimo si Justin og dugay?
Will you let Justin suffer for long?         
Si Arjay ra ba pod nagtingohŕ pag-anhi.
Arjay  is also aiming to come here.
Nadapat na ra ba nakň ang tambal kaniya.
I have already stricken the medicine to him/her. 
They were the one who are  brave.
Sila pa ra ba gayod ang nangisog.

Ang “ha”
The “ha”


Ang yanong panal-ot “ha” (nga magamit pod og interjecciong panal-ot) sagád nga ginagamit sa mga higala o sandorot nga mga tawo. Pananglitan:
The simple article “ha” (which can be used also in the interjection particle) regularly be used with your friends or familiar/intimate persons. Example:

Tambong ha sa akong graduation karong hapon.
You attend in my graduation this afternoon
Basta ha magpa-abot gayod akó kanimo.
I will surely wait for you.
Kini ha ang bayri ug kadto ha utanga.
You pay this one and you credit the other one.

Ang ARTICULO’NG PANAL-OT “ang/sa/og”
The ARTICLE’S PARTICLE “the/in/for/of/and”

Ang articulo’ng panal-ot mao’y igasal-ot o igasangga’ng polong nga mag-uná sa ngahng comón nga may/way-uban nga adjetivo.
The article’s particle was supported words that will be the first in the common noun with/without accompanied adjective.

Sa hisgotanan kon sujeto sa declarativo ug interogativo nga pahayag sagád igkita ang articulong panal-ot “ang” nga katombas sa english nga definidong articulo “the”. Pananglitan:
The mentioned and also subject in the declarative or interrogative sentence regularly be seen as article’s particle “ang” that is tantamount in English defined article “the”. Example

Ang amahan ni May moabót ugmŕ.
The father of May is coming tomorrow.
Napalit ba nimo ang tambal para ni Janice.
Have you brought the medicine for Janice.

Sa predicado sa imperativong pahayag ang articulong panal-ot “ang” magamit nga sangga sa complementong ngahng comón sa verbo. Pananglitan:
In the predicate of imperative sentence the article’s particle “the” can be used as supporter in the complement common noun in the verb. Example:

Melvin, kohâa ang baka nga atoa sa uma.
Melvin, get the cow that is there in the farm.
Irish, awita ang “Everyday I Love you.”
Irish, sing the song  “Everyday I love You”.


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