A
| Air Pollution |
see Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
|
| Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides |
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions
of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes |
| Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants |
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants
|
| Air Pollution-Sulphur 85 |
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur
Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30% |
| Air Pollution-Sulphur 94 |
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur
Emissions |
| Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds |
see Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions
of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes |
| Antarctic - Environmental Protocol |
see Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic
Treaty |
| Antarctic Treaty |
opened for signature - 1 December 1959 entered
into force - 23 June 1961
objective - to ensure that Antarctica is used for
peaceful purposes only (such as international cooperation in
scientific research); to defer the question of territorial
claims asserted by some nations and not recognized by others; to
provide an international forum for management of the region;
applies to land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees South
latitude
parties - (45) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, North Korea,
South Korea, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela
|
B
| Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary
Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal |
note - abbreviated as Hazardous Wastes
opened for signature - 22 March 1989
entered into force - 5 May 1992
objective - to reduce transboundary movements of
wastes subject to the Convention to a minimum consistent with
the environmentally sound and efficient management of such
wastes; to minimize the amount and toxicity of wastes generated
and ensure their environmentally sound management as closely as
possible to the source of generation; and to assist LDCs in
environmentally sound management of the hazardous and other
wastes they generate
parties - (149) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The
Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium,
Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana,
Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,
Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Finland,
France, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,
Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South
Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya,
Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco,
Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal,
Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saudi Arabia,
Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia,
Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland,
Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3)
Afghanistan, Haiti, US
|
| Biodiversity |
see Convention on Biological Diversity |
C
| Climate Change |
see United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
|
| Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
see Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change |
| Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals |
note - abbreviated as Antarctic Seals
opened for signature - 1 June 1972
entered into force - 11 March 1978
objective - to promote and achieve the protection,
scientific study, and rational use of Antarctic seals, and to
maintain a satisfactory balance within the ecological system of
Antarctica
parties - (16) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil,
Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland,
Russia, South Africa, UK, US
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (1)
NZ
|
| Convention on Biological Diversity |
note - abbreviated as Biodiversity
opened for signature - 5 June 1992
entered into force - 29 December 1993
objective - to develop national strategies for the
conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity
parties - (182) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The
Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium,
Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria,
Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape
Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,
Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the
Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,
Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon,
The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary,
Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North
Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho,
Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall
Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of
Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,
Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar,
Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome
and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa,
Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad
and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE,
UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (6)
Afghanistan, Kuwait, Serbia and Montenegro, Thailand, Tuvalu, US
|
| Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living
Resources of the High Seas |
note - abbreviated as Marine Life Conservation
opened for signature - 29 April 1958
entered into force - 20 March 1966
objective - to solve through international cooperation
the problems involved in the conservation of living resources of
the high seas, considering that because of the development of
modern technology some of these resources are in danger of being
overexploited
parties - (37) Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Colombia, Denmark,
Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland, France, Haiti, Jamaica,
Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico,
Netherlands, Nigeria, Portugal, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro,
Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland,
Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -
(21) Afghanistan, Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Ghana, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Lebanon,
Liberia, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Panama, Sri Lanka, Tunisia,
Uruguay
|
| Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution |
note - abbreviated as Air Pollution
opened for signature - 13 November 1979
entered into force - 16 March 1983
objective - to protect the human environment against
air pollution and to gradually reduce and prevent air pollution,
including long-range transboundary air pollution
parties - (48) Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, France, Georgia,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (2)
Holy See, San Marino
|
| Convention on Wetlands of International Importance
Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar) |
note - abbreviated as Wetlands
opened for signature - 2 February 1971
entered into force - 21 December 1975
objective - to stem the progressive encroachment on
and loss of wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the
fundamental ecological functions of wetlands and their economic,
cultural, scientific, and recreational value
parties - (125) Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia,
Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cambodia,
Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote
d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador,
Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,
Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia,
Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya,
South Korea, Latvia, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali,
Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,
Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway,
Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia and
Montenegro, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa,
Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,
Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,
Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela,
Vietnam, Zambia
|
| Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living
Resources |
note - abbreviated as Antarctic-Marine Living
Resources
opened for signature - 5 May 1980
entered into force - 7 April 1982
objective - to safeguard the environment and protect
the integrity of the ecosystem of the seas surrounding
Antarctica, and to conserve Antarctic marine living resources
parties - (31) Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil,
Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ,
Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,
Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu
|
| Convention on the International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) |
note - abbreviated as Endangered Species
opened for signature - 3 March 1973
entered into force - 1 July 1975
objective - to protect certain endangered species from
overexploitation by means of a system of import/export permits
parties - (156) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia,
Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma,
Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic,
Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of
the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,
Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,
Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland,
France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,
Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras,
Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Latvia,
Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,
Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,
Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,
Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,
Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,
Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK,
US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (3)
Ireland, Kuwait, Lesotho
|
| Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by
Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention) |
note - abbreviated as Marine Dumping
opened for signature - 29 December 1972
entered into force - 30 August 1975
objective - to control pollution of the sea by dumping
and to encourage regional agreements supplementary to the
Convention
parties - (78) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium,
Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Democratic Republic of
the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus,
Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon,
Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong
(associate member), Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Libya,
Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Nauru, Netherlands,
NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saint Lucia, Serbia and
Montenegro, Seychelles, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa,
Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tonga, Tunisia, Ukraine,
UAE, UK, US, Vanuatu
|
| Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other
Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques |
note - abbreviated as Environmental
Modification
opened for signature - 10 December 1976
entered into force - 5 October 1978
objective - to prohibit the military or other hostile
use of environmental modification techniques in order to further
world peace and trust among nations
parties - (66) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus,
Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile,
Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica,
Egypt, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary,
India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,
Laos, Malawi, Mauritius, Mongolia, Netherlands, NZ, Niger,
Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and
Principe, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden,
Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay,
Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -
(17) Bolivia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Holy
See, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Morocco,
Nicaragua, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Syria, Turkey, Uganda
|
D
| Desertification |
see United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in
those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or
Desertification, Particularly in Africa |
E
| Endangered Species |
see Convention on the International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) |
| Environmental Modification |
see Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other
Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques |
H
| Hazardous Wastes
|
see Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary
Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal |
I
| International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
|
note - abbreviated as Whaling
opened for signature - 2 December 1946
entered into force - 10 November 1948
objective - to protect all species of whales from
overhunting; to establish a system of international regulation
for the whale fisheries to ensure proper conservation and
development of whale stocks; and to safeguard for future
generations the great natural resources represented by whale
stocks
parties - (42) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,
Australia, Austria, Brazil, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Denmark,
Dominica, Finland, France, Germany, Grenada, Guinea, India,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Mexico, Monaco,
Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Oman, Panama, Peru, Russia,
Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Senegal, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US
|
| International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 |
note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 83
opened for signature - 18 November 1983
entered into force - 1 April 1985; this agreement
expired when the International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994,
went into force
objective - to provide an effective framework for
cooperation between tropical timber producers and consumers and
to encourage the development of national policies aimed at
sustainable utilization and conservation of tropical forests and
their genetic resources
parties - (54) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia,
Brazil, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, China, Colombia, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire,
Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon,
Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg,
Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US,
Venezuela
|
| International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994 |
note - abbreviated as Tropical Timber 94
opened for signature - 26 January 1994
entered into force - 1 January 1997
objective - to ensure that by the year 2000 exports of
tropical timber originate from sustainably managed sources; to
establish a fund to assist tropical timber producers in
obtaining the resources necessary to reach this objective
parties - (58) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia,
Brazil, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African
Republic, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Republic of the Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt,
EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece,
Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South
Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,
Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal,
Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad
and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (1)
Ireland
|
K
| Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change |
note - abbreviated as Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
opened for signature - 16 March 1998
entered into force - 23 February 2005
objective - to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions
by enhancing the national programs of developed countries aimed
at this goal and by establishing percentage reduction targets
for the developed countries
parties - (144) Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas,
Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,
Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon,
Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cook Island, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,
Estonia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, The Gambia, Georgia,
Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana,
Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel,
Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea,
Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,
Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico,
Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco,
Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua,
Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama,
Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,
Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri
Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,
Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda,
Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, UK, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (6)
Australia, Croatia, Kazakhstan, Monaco, US, Zambia
|
L
| Law of the Sea |
see United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)
|
M
| Marine Dumping |
see Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by
Dumping Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention) |
| Marine Life Conservation |
see Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living
Resources of the High Seas |
| Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone
Layer |
< I>note - abbreviated as Ozone Layer Protection
opened for signature - 16 September 1987
entered into force - 1 January 1989
objective - to protect the ozone layer by controlling
emissions of substances that deplete it
parties - (183) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The
Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium,
Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana,
Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi,
Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African
Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cote
d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon,
The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,
Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia,
Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru,
Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,
Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,
Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,
Serbia and Montenegro, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa,
Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,
Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu,
Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
|
N
| Nuclear Test Ban |
see Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere,
in Outer Space, and Under Water
|
O
| Ozone Layer Protection |
see Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone
Layer |
P
| Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention
for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL) |
note - abbreviated as Ship Pollution
opened for signature - 17 February 1978
entered into force - 2 October 1983
objective - to preserve the marine environment through
the complete elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful
substances and the minimization of accidental discharge of such
substances
parties - (119) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus,
Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria,
Burma, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Cote
d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt,
Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,
Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras,
Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy,
Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea,
Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malawi,
Malaysia, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Norway,
Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe,
Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,
Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and
Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay,
Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam
|
| Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic
Treaty |
note - abbreviated as Antarctic-Environmental
Protocol
opened for signature - 4 October 1991
entered into force - 14 January 1998
objective - to provide for comprehensive protection of
the Antarctic environment and dependent and associated
ecosystems; applies to the area covered by the Antarctic Treaty
consultative parties - (27) Argentina, Australia,
Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Ecuador, Finland,
France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Netherlands,
NZ, Norway, Peru, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,
UK, US, Uruguay
non consultative parties - (16) Austria, Canada,
Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Greece, Guatemala,
Hungary, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Slovakia,
Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine
|
| Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions
of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes |
note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides
opened for signature - 31 October 1988
entered into force - 14 February 1991
objective - to provide for the control or reduction of
nitrogen oxides and their transboundary fluxes
parties - (28) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, EU, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, US
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (1)
Poland
|
| Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution Concerning the Control of Emissions
of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes |
note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
Compounds
opened for signature - 18 November 1991
entered into force - 29 September 1997
objective - to provide for the control and reduction
of emissions of volatile organic compounds in order to reduce
their transboundary fluxes so as to protect human health and the
environment from adverse effects
parties - (21) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary,
Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (6)
Canada, EU, Greece, Portugal, Ukraine, US
|
| Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur
Emissions |
note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 94
opened for signature - 14 June 1994
entered into force - 5 August 1998
objective - to provide for a further reduction in
sulfur emissions or transboundary fluxes
parties - (23) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Denmark, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified - (5)
Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Ukraine
|
| Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants
|
note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Persistent
Organic Pollutants
opened for signature - 24 June 1998
entered into force - 23 October 2003
objective - to provide for the control and reduction
of emissions of persistent organic pollutants in order to reduce
their transboundary fluxes so as to protect human health and the
environment from adverse effects
parties - (22) Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, EU, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary,
Iceland, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -
(14) Armenia, Belgium, Croatia, Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine, UK, US
|
| Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur
Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at Least 30% |
note - abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 85
opened for signature - 8 July 1985
entered into force - 2 September 1987
objective - to provide for a 30% reduction in sulfur
emissions or transboundary fluxes by 1993
parties - (22) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine
|
S
| Ship Pollution |
see Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International
Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)
|
T
| Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the
Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water
|
note - abbreviated as Nuclear Test Ban
opened for signature - 5 August 1963
entered into force - 10 October 1963
objective - to obtain an agreement on general and
complete disarmament under strict international control in
accordance with the objectives of the United Nations; to put an
end to the armaments race and eliminate incentives for the
production and testing of all kinds of weapons, including
nuclear weapons
parties - (113) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda,
Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh,
Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burma, Canada, Central African
Republic, Chad, China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El
Salvador, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana,
Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia,
Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines,
Poland, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Samoa, San Marino, Senegal,
Serbia and Montenegro, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,
Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Togo,
Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US,
Venezuela, Zambia
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -
(17) Algeria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chile, Ethiopia,
Haiti, Libya, Mali, Pakistan, Paraguay, Portugal, Somalia,
Tanzania, Uruguay, Vietnam, Yemen
|
| Tropical Timber 83 |
see International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983 |
| Tropical Timber 94 |
see International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994
|
U
| United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)
|
note - abbreviated as Law of the Sea
opened for signature - 10 December 1982
entered into force - 16 November 1994
objective - to set up a comprehensive new legal regime
for the sea and oceans; to include rules concerning
environmental standards as well as enforcement provisions
dealing with pollution of the marine environment
parties - (148) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas,
Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria,
Burkina Faso, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China,
Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa
Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, EU, Fiji,
Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana,
Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,
Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq,
Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South
Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Macedonia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall
Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of
Micronesia, Monaco, Mongolia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal,
Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan,
Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland,
Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, Sao Tome and
Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro,
Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon
Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Suriname, Sweden, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago,
Tunisia, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Vietnam,
Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -
(29) Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Bhutan, Burundi,
Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Colombia, Republic of
the Congo, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Iran,
North Korea, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Madagascar,
Malawi, Morocco, Niger, Niue, Rwanda, Swaziland, Switzerland,
Thailand, UAE
|
| United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in
Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or
Desertification, Particularly in Africa |
note - abbreviated as Desertification
opened for signature - 14 October 1994
entered into force - 26 December 1996
objective - to combat desertification and mitigate the
effects of drought through national action programs that
incorporate long-term strategies supported by international
cooperation and partnership arrangements
parties - (178) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola,
Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,
Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria,
Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape
Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,
Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the
Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,
Eritrea, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,
Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan,
Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Marshall
Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of
Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,
Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar,
Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and
Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa,
Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Thailand, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga,
Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu,
Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela,
Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
|
| United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
note - abbreviated as Climate Change
opened for signature - 9 May 1992
entered into force - 21 March 1994
objective - to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere at a low enough level to
prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate
system
parties - (189) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola,
Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,
Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma,
Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African
Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands,
Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,
Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,
Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Madagascar,
Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands,
Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia,
Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru,
Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway,
Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,
Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Seychelles, Sierra
Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South
Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,
Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu,
Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe
|
W
| Wetlands |
see Convention on Wetlands of International Importance
Especially As Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar) |
| Whaling |
see International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
|
|
